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Vision in Natural and Virtual Environments
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@Article{,
  author = 	 {Mary M. Hayhoe and Dana H. Ballard and Jochen J. Triesch, Hiroyuki Shinoda and  Pilar Aivar and Brain T. Sullivan},
  title = 	 {Vision in Natural and Virtual Environments},
  journal = 	 {Eye Tracking Reasearch and Applications Symposium},
  year = 	 {2002},
 abstract = {Our  knowledge of the way  that the visual  system                
operates in everyday behavior has, until  recently,  been         
very  limited.  This  information is critical not only for        
understanding     visual function, but also for                   
understanding  the  consequences of various kinds of              
visual impairment, and for the development of interfaces          
between human and artificial systems. The development             
of eye trackers that can be mounted on the head now               
allows  monitoring of gaze  without restricting the               
observer's movements. Observations of natural behavior            
have demonstrated the highly task-specific and  directed          
nature of fixation patterns, and reveal considerable              
regularity  between  observers.  Eye,  head, and hand             
coordination  also reveals much greater flexibility and           
task-specificity than previously supposed. Experimental           
examination of the  issues  raised by observations of             
natural behavior  requires the development of complex             
virtual  environments  that  can be manipulated by the            
experimenter at critical points during task performance.          
Experiments  where we monitored  gaze in a simulated              
driving environment demonstrate that visibility of task           
relevant information depends critically on active search          
initiated by the observer according to an internally              
generated schedule, and this schedule depends on learnt           
regularities in the  environment. In another virtual              
environment  where  observers copied toy models we                
showed that regularities in the spatial structure are used        
by  observers to control eye  movement  targeting.  Other         
experiments in a virtual environment with  haptic                 
feedback show that  even simple visual properties like            
size  are  not  continuously  available or processed              
automatically by the visual system, but are dynamically           
acquired and discarded according to the momentary task            
demands.                                                      }


}